I-Taxus chinensis(Yew), uhlobo lwemithi yamandulo eshiywe ngasemva emva komkhenkce weQuaternary, idweliswe njengezityalo ezinqabileyo nezisemngciphekweni wokuphela emhlabeni kunye neentlobo ezilishumi eziphezulu zehlabathi ezisengozini yokuphela. "planta i-panda enkulu".
Ngoko,
Njenge "fossil ephilayo yezityalo", zithini iziphumo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweyew extract?
IYew, sisityalo saseTaxaceae. Zili-11 iintlobo zeyew ehlabathini, ezisasazwe kwindawo epholileyo kwimimandla yetropikhi kumntla wehemisphere. Kukho iintlobo ezi-4 kunye neentlobo ezi-1 eTshayina, ezizezi, yew yaseTshayina, yew emntla-mpuma, Yunnan yew I-yew yaseMzantsi kunye ne-Tibet yew, ezisasazwa kuMntla-mpuma, eMzantsi China nakumazantsi-ntshona e-China. I-Paclitaxel ekhutshwe kwixolo kunye namagqabi e-yew inefuthe elibalaseleyo lokunyanga kwiintlobo zomhlaza eziqhubela phambili kwaye yaziwa ngokuba "ngumgca wokugqibela wokukhusela unyango lomhlaza”.
Imbali yophuhliso ye-paclitaxel:
Ngo-1963, iingcali zamachiza zaseMelika uMCWani kunye noMonre E.wall baqala bakhetha isicatshulwa esikrwada se-paclitaxel kwixolo kunye nomthi wePasifiki yew, okhula kumahlathi asentshona yeUnited States. ukuba isicatshulwa esikrwada se-paclitaxel sasinomsebenzi ophezulu kwiiseli zethumba lempuku kwi-vitro, kwaye yaqala ukwahlula le nxalenye esebenzayo.Ngenxa yomxholo ophantsi kakhulu wesithako esisebenzayo kwizityalo, akuzange kube yi-1971 ukuba basebenzisane no-Andre t.McPhail , unjingalwazi wekhemistri kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke ukumisela ubume bekhemikhali yesithako esisebenzayo-ikhompawundi ye-tetracyclic diterpene, kwaye wayibiza ngokuba yi-taxol.
Yintoni i-paclitaxel?
I-Paclitaxel yi-diterpenoid ye-monomer ekhutshwe kwi-bark ye-Natural Plant Taxus.Iyi-metabolite yesibini eyinkimbinkimbi.Ikwayiyo yodwa iyeza eyaziwayo ukukhuthaza i-polymerization ye-microtubule kunye nokuzinzisa i-polymerized microtubules.Ukulandelela kwe-Isotope kubonise ukuba i-paclitaxel yayibophelelwe kuphela kwi-polymerized microtubules kwaye yenza ungaphenduli nge-unpolymerized tubulin dimers.Emva kokuqhagamshelana ne-paclitaxel, iiseli ziya kuqokelela inani elikhulu le-microtubules kwiiseli.Ukuqokelela kwezi microtubules kuphazamisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yeeseli, ngokukodwa ukuyeka ukuhlukana kweeseli kwisigaba se-mitotic kwaye kuvimbele ukuhlukana kweeseli eziqhelekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-paclitaxel:
1.Anticancer
I-Paclitaxel liyeza lokuqala lomhlaza we-ovarian kunye nomhlaza webele ophezulu.Ulawulo lweSizwe lweCancer lwaqala iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zabantu kwangoko ngo-1983 ukuvavanya ubutyhefu kunye nomsebenzi wokulwa nomhlaza.
I-Paclitaxel isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumhlaza we-ovarian kunye nomhlaza wamabele ngokusebenzisa isifundo sesibini kunye nesesithathu seklinikhi.Ikwanefuthe elithile kumhlaza wemiphunga, umhlaza we-colorectal, i-melanoma, umhlaza wentloko kunye nentamo, i-lymphoma kunye nethumba lobuchopho.
2.I-Antitumor
I-Paclitaxel yinto yokuqala yokukhetha iziyobisi ezichasayo kwizibhedlele emhlabeni wonke.Inokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-microtubules ngokukhuthaza i-polymerization ye-spindle tubulin subunits.Iyi-anti-microtubule antitumor drug.
3.Unyango lwe-rheumatic arthritis
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-taxol yamkelwe yi-FDA kwi-rheumatoid arthritis, kwaye ijeli ye-paclitaxel lulungiselelo oluphezulu lwe-paclitaxel kwi-rheumatoid arthritis.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-21-2022